

Frequently Asked Questions
What are fibre optic cables used for?
In today’s fast-evolving digital age, the backbone of global connectivity and technological innovation undeniably lies in fibre
optic cable technology. These fine strands of glass or plastic, thinner than a strand of hair, are revolutionising information
transmission across numerous sectors.
Revolutionising Telecommunications
Fibre optics have transformed telecommunications, propelling internet and phone services far beyond their previous capabilities.
High-speed, high-quality transmissions have made slow-loading web pages and poor-quality voice calls remnants of the past.
Backbone of Data Centres
Data centres, crucial for cloud computing and storage, have networks of fibre optic cables at their core. These cables are
essential for rapid data transfer between servers and storage systems, ensuring that our digital world operates seamlessly.
Enhancing Cable Television
Fibre optic technology has revitalised cable television, providing crystal-clear signals and a wide range of channels to meet
diverse viewer preferences.
Networking and Connectivity
Fibre optics are pivotal in local area networks (LANs), facilitating the smooth flow of massive data traffic. This technology is
crucial in today’s highly connected world.
Medical Innovations
The medical sector has greatly benefited from fibre optics, enabling minimally invasive surgeries and detailed internal imaging
through their illumination and image capture capabilities. This has transformed patient care, making surgeries safer and
reducing recovery times.
Military Precision and Space Exploration
For applications requiring utmost security and precision, fibre optics are unmatched. Their immunity to electromagnetic
interference makes them perfect for secure military communications and essential for data transmission in space missions.
Industrial Efficiency
In industry, fibre optics are used for data transmission and as sensors to monitor conditions, enhancing safety and efficiency in
hazardous environments.
Transportation and Safety
Fibre optics improve safety and efficiency in transportation, playing key roles in traffic signals, in-vehicle communication
systems, railway signalling, and airport lighting, ensuring the safe passage for millions.
Advancing Research
Fibre optics are invaluable in scientific research, used in environmental monitoring, oceanography, seismology, and many more
vital applications, providing the precise data that’s crucial for progress.
Fibre optic technology is a linchpin of modern innovation, providing extensive capacity for high-speed data transmission with
minimal loss, and providing the potential for limitless future possibilities. As we delve deeper into the capabilities of fibre
optics, their impact on forging a more connected, technologically advanced future is just beginning to be realised.1
What are fibre optic cables and how do they work?
Fibre optic cables consist of glass fibres that transmit data through light. This optical fibre technology allows for faster data transmission compared to traditional copper cables. At Webro, we specialise in these advanced cables, offering high-quality products that deliver speed and efficiency in data transfer.
Why are fibre optic cables better for internet connectivity?
When it comes to high-speed internet, fibre optic cables are superior. They provide higher bandwidth and faster data transmission, ensuring a reliable and efficient internet experience. Webro's fibre optic solutions are designed to deliver the best in speed and reliability, making them ideal for both residential and commercial use.
How are fibre optic cables installed?
The installation of fibre optic cables requires precision and expertise. Proper installation is crucial for maximising the benefits of this technology. At Webro, we provide products to key network providers who employ professional installers to ensure that fibre optic systems are set up for optimal performance. Applications include Blown Duct, Pulled Duct, Internal/External, Direct Bury, Aerial, and Riser.
Are fibre optic cables durable?
Fibre optic cables are incredibly durable and resistant to environmental factors that can affect traditional cables, such as electromagnetic interference. Webro's range of fibre optic cables is built to last, ensuring long-term reliability and performance. This includes products with higher levels of mechanical protection including RP (Rodent Protected), with CST offered as single or double jacketed options to protect against rodents, and SWA in single or double jacket options to protect against mechanical impact. In addition, the use of G657A1 or A2 fibres improves bend radius and the flexibility of the cable, which helps with installation in tight spaces and fix pressure.
What are the costs associated with fibre optic cables?
While the initial installation of fibre optic cables can be higher than traditional cables, the long-term return on investment outweighs the initial costs. With lower maintenance requirements and better durability, Webro's fibre optic solutions are a cost-effective choice for any business or home.
Frequently Asked Questions
What's the difference between external and duct grade cables?
Since the first lock down, there’s been a huge shift to upgrading our outdoor living spaces, and there’s a vast array of products on the market specifically designed for outdoor use - all to enhance the time spent at home in the great outdoors. In line with this rise in outdoor entertainment systems it's useful to know which cables are best suited for the job.
The best jacket material for outdoor and duct cables is PE (polyethylene) which is a rugged, UV and water-resistant compound. Standard PVC and LSNH (Low Smoke No Halogen) materials are softer, which can make them susceptible to snagging/tearing, and if they don’t have added UV stabilisers, discoloration and cracking can be an issue when exposed to UV light and the elements for long periods of time.
So what's the difference between external and duct grade cable?
- External cables have a single PE jacket. These cables are ideal for clipping to walls, running along fences and through copex and similar.
- Duct grade cables are double jacketed, with an inner bedding and a PE outer jacket, making them more suitable for pulling through ducts in more challenging environments.
Webro external and duct grade range is held on 100m, 200m, 250m & 500m reels, and can also be cut to length. The line-up includes: Speaker cables, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6A, Coax, Lighting Control, Alarm,and Access Control cables.
What are the different types of alarm cables?
When manufactured in Accordance to BS 4737 there are three types of alarm cables:
- Type 1: Tinned pure copper conductors with an LSNH jacket.
- Type 2: Tinned pure copper conductors with either an LSF, PVC, or PE/external jacket.
- Type 3: Tinned copper clad aluminium conductors with either an LSNH, LSF, or PVC jacket.
Webro also stock higher CPR class versions for projects where BS6701 has been specified. Types 1, 2, and 3 are stocked in unscreened and foil screened options for next day delivery.
What are the differences, advantages, and disadvantages between PVC, LSF, and LSNH cable materials?
PVC: Polyvinyl Chloride
- PVC advantages: Flexible, easy to use, and cheap to produce, which makes it suitable for a vast number of applications.
- PVC disadvantages: Gives off toxic gases and black acrid smoke in a fire, making it difficult to evacuate heavily populated areas. When the smoke is mixed with water it creates hydrochloric acid.
LSF: Low Smoke & Fume
- LSF advantages: Slightly modified PVC that provides a small reduction in smoke production because it has a slightly higher oxygen index. It’s also relatively cheap to produce.
- LSF disadvantages: Gives off toxic gasses, but a slightly reduced amount of black acrid smoke. Creates hydrochloric acid when mixed with water.
LSNH: Low Smoke Non-Halogen (also known as LSHF: Low Smoke Halogen Free, LSOH: Low Smoke Zero Halogen, LSZH: Low Smoke Zero Halogen)
- LSNH advantages: The different acronyms above describe the same material. Webro uses a standard term - LSNH. When burnt it’s a material that gives off significantly less smoke or toxic gases. To this end it has to pass stringent standards in order to be classed as LSNH. The material mustn't release more than 0.5% HCL gas when burnt or reduce light emission by less than 60% visibility. By default, this makes LSNH cables safer for public buildings and infrastructure.
- LSNH disadvantages: More expensive than traditional PVC and also slightly more rigid. More susceptible to degradation when exposed to UV over long periods of time unless mixed with life-extending additives in the compound.
What is AWG?
American Wire Gauge (AWG) is the standard way to denote cable size in North America where these style of speaker cables originated. In AWG, the larger the number, the smaller the wire diameter and thickness. The larger the cross-section of a wire, the less its resistance, plus the greater the amount of current (amperage) that the cable can safely carry before overheating. A cable with a smaller gauge (larger diameter) can carry more power than one with a larger gauge.
Cables with higher strand counts tend to be more flexible.
By way of an example, here's what Webro speaker cable AWG sizes equate to in cross sectional area:
16awg = 1.31mm² (65 strands at 0.16mm)
14awg = 2.11mm² (105 strands at 0.16mm)
12awg = 3.19mm² (65 strands at 0.25mm)
Webro also stocks a range of metric-sized speaker cables in 1.5mm², 2.5mm², and 4mm².
Frequently Asked Questions
What are TV cables?
TV cables are used to transmit audio and visual signals from a transmission source to a receiver, such as from a satellite, cable box, or antenna to a television. Common types include coaxial (RF) cables, HDMI cables, and composite or component cables.
What is a satellite cable?
A satellite cable refers specifically to the coaxial cable that connects a satellite dish to a receiver or decoder, allowing the transmission of satellite TV signals. These are also known as distribution cables, which are designed to carry high-frequency signals.
How do I choose the right type of cable for my TV setup?
The choice of cable depends on your equipment and your needs. HDMI cables are best for high-definition video and audio. Coaxial cables are often used for satellite or cable TV connections. Composite/component cables are suited to older equipment. Check your device's output and input ports to determine the compatible cables.
Can I use any coaxial cable for satellite TV?
While you might use any coaxial cable, distribution cables are recommended for satellite TV. Distribution cables are designed to handle the higher frequency ranges required by satellite signals, offering better signal quality and less interference compared to older RG-59 cables.
What length can satellite and TV cables be before losing signal quality?
The signal loss depends on the cable type and quality. For satellite coaxial cables, you can generally run up to 65 metres without significant signal degradation, or the need for amplification. For 1080p HDMI, it's advisable to keep the length under 15 metres without using a signal booster or extender. For 4k UHD it's advisable to keep lengths below 10 metres.
Are there any differences between digital and analog TV cables?
The main difference lies in the signal type rather than the cables themselves. Digital signals can be transmitted over the same cables as analog signals (coaxial, HDMI, etc.), but digital signals offer superior quality and efficiency. HDMI cables, in particular, are designed for high-quality digital signals.
Can I install satellite cables myself?
Yes, you can install satellite cables yourself if you have the right tools and knowledge. This includes running the cable from the satellite dish to the receiver, drilling holes as needed, and ensuring the cable is securely connected. However, precise alignment of the satellite dish usually requires professional equipment and expertise.
What maintenance do TV and satellite cables require?
Regular inspections for physical damage, ensuring connectors are tight and not corroded, and replacing cables that show signs of wear or damage can prevent signal loss and maintain quality. Outdoor cables should be checked for damage from weather and animals - especially rodents.
Why does my TV signal quality degrade during bad weather?
Satellite TV signals can be affected by heavy rain, snow, or dense cloud cover, a phenomenon known as rain fade. The water droplets can absorb or scatter the satellite signals, leading to temporary degradation in signal quality.
Can I use splitters with my TV and satellite cables?
Yes, splitters can be used to divide the signal from one source to multiple TVs or receivers. However, splitting the signal too many times can lead to signal degradation. For satellite TV specifically, you might need a special type of splitter or a multi switch to handle the satellite frequencies correctly.
Frequently Asked Questions
What types of cable are used in solar installations
Solar installations typically involve two primary types of cables: Direct Current (DC) cables and Alternating Current (AC) cables. DC cables connect your solar panels to the inverter, converting solar energy into a usable form. AC cables, on the other hand, connect the inverter to the grid, integrating your solar energy into the home or network. Choosing the right type is crucial for the efficiency and safety of your system.
What cable specifications apply to solar cables?
Key specifications include voltage rating, current capacity, insulation type, and UV resistance. These specs determine a cable's ability to conduct electricity efficiently and withstand environmental conditions. Understanding these factors is critical in choosing cables that will deliver optimal performance over their intended lifespan.
How important is wire sizing when choosing the right solar cable?
Correct wire sizing is essential to prevent excessive voltage drop, which can significantly reduce the efficiency of your system. The size depends on the current flow, the length of the cable, and voltage considerations. A simple calculation can help you select the appropriate wire gauge for your setup, ensuring maximum efficiency and safety.
What environmental considerations need to be considered when choosing cable for renewable applications?
The environment where your solar panels and charging points operate can greatly affect cable performance. Factors like temperature, humidity, and UV exposure can degrade cables over time. Selecting cables designed to withstand these conditions is crucial for maintaining system performance and longevity.
Frequently Asked Questions
What's the difference between Copper, CCA, CCS, and CCC in Cables?
When it comes to electrical cables, the type of conductor material used significantly influences both cost and performance. This blog delves into the distinctions between pure copper and its alternatives: Copper Clad Aluminium (CCA), Copper Clad Steel (CCS), and Copper Clad Copper (CCC).
Pure Copper is renowned for its excellent conductivity and flexibility. It's the standard in cable manufacturing, offering optimal performance in terms of current carrying capacity and durability. However, copper can be expensive, making up a large portion of a cable's cost.
Copper Clad Aluminium (CCA) is an economical alternative to pure copper, consisting of an aluminium core coated with copper. While more affordable and lighter than copper, CCA has lower conductivity and flexibility. It's used in specific applications where these limitations are acceptable, like in some power distribution and high-frequency coaxial cables. However, its reduced current carrying capacity and lack of flexibility can be a drawback in more demanding applications.
Copper Clad Steel (CCS) combines a steel core with a copper coating. It offers higher mechanical strength compared to CCA, making it more resistant to physical damage during installation. However, steel's higher weight and lower conductivity compared to copper limit its use. Like CCA, CCS doesn't match the performance of pure copper in applications that require high conductivity and flexibility.
Copper Clad Copper (CCC) uses lower-grade, often recycled copper alloys, coated in pure copper. This results in a conductor that has higher resistance and oxygen content than pure copper, potentially even higher than CCA. While it may look similar to pure copper, CCC's performance is inferior due to the impurities and increased resistance.
While alternatives like CCA, CCS, and CCC offer benefits in terms of cost and weight, they come with trade-offs in conductivity, flexibility, and overall performance. Understanding these differences is crucial when selecting the right cable for your needs. Pure copper remains the preferred choice for applications requiring high reliability and performance, while CCA and CCS can be considered in scenarios where their limitations do not impact the application's demands.
What types of cable are used for OEM applications?
Dependable cables are vital to ensure seamless connectivity and effective operation for OEM devices. They’re used to transmit power, data, audio, and video signals across a wide variety of sectors – from aerospace and telecoms to industrial automation and medical equipment.
Although many and varied, most cables used by OEM’s fall into three key categories:
Power Cables transmit electrical power to equipment from the mains.
Control cables including CY, SY, and YY cables are used to regulate speed, and to control actions.
Data cables facilitate data transmission between devices to connect them so that they can communicate.
The bottom line is that OEM cables are designed specifically to be compatible with particular devices. They need to be chosen to meet the exact specifications laid down by design engineers to ensure flawless connectivity and optimal performance. Applying the right OEM cable minimises the risk of signal loss, interference, or failure, and increases longevity. Thus, it’s crucial to source high-quality cable solutions that are compatible with each particular piece of equipment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Copper or aluminium conductors in cables - which are best?
The primary consideration when selecting a material for use as a conductor is resistivity, which is also known as specific electrical resistance. The lower the resistivity, the lower the conductor loss.
Copper is the most extensively used conductor material due to the following features and benefits:
- Good electrical conductivity: 1.724µΩcm
- Good mechanical connection
- Good resistance
- Easy processing capability
- Environmental resistance
- Solid tensile strength
- Good thermal conductivity and expansion properties
- Can be tinned to aid high temperature installation and soldered connections
- Smaller diameter
Copper has limited disadvantages, which include:
- Potential for oxidisation when exposed to atmosphere due to a reaction with oxygen and moisture. Increase in resistance at high frequency if conductors are tinned. This is due to the higher resistivity of tin, which when sitting on the surface of the copper carries most of the current.
- Copper market prices can be erratic due to LME (London Metal Exchange) fluctuations.
Aluminium is the second choice behind copper in most commonly used conductors, offering fewer advantages as follows:
- Cost is substantially lower than copper and pricing tends to be more stable
- Lightweight at 30% of copper weight, which makes it more suitable for large overhead power installations
- Good VHF/UHF performance
- Easy to process
Aluminium has more disadvantages than copper:
- Environmental deterioration
- Metal is prone to creep, which can increase risk of fire if not inspected regularly
- Only 61% as conductive as copper
- Larger conductors are required to match copper conductivity, increasing cable dimensions, which then requires more insulation material to be used to adequately cover the conductor
- Poor tensile strength
In summary, when determining whether a copper or an aluminium conductor is right for your project it’s not necessarily a straightforward decision. Every project has different requirements. Therefore, several key considerations should be made in combination when evaluating your options, including signal loss, material cost, install time, safety, and long-term maintenance.
What types of cable are used for OEM applications?
Dependable cables are vital to ensure seamless connectivity and effective operation for OEM devices. They’re used to transmit power, data, audio, and video signals across a wide variety of sectors – from aerospace and telecoms to industrial automation and medical equipment.
Although many and varied, most cables used by OEM’s fall into three key categories:
- Power Cables transmit electrical power to equipment from the mains.
- Control cables including CY, SY, and YY cables are used to regulate speed, and to control actions.
- Data cables facilitate data transmission between devices to connect them so that they can communicate.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are international standards important when choosing cables?
Opting for cables that meet recognised international standards such as TÜV, UL, or IEC is non-negotiable. These certifications ensure that your cables are manufactured to the highest standards of durability and safety, protecting your investment and, more importantly, your peace of mind.
What is PoE?
Power over Ethernet (PoE) is technology that passes electrical power, along with data, over copper twisted pair Ethernet cables to Powered Devices (PD’s). It enables a single cable to provide both a data connection and direct current (DC) electricity to power devices on networks that can include:
- IP surveillance cameras
- Industrial gateways and controllers
- LED lighting
- VoIP phones
- Wireless access points
- Retail POS terminals
- Other IoT devices and sensors
It offers options for how and where Ethernet end devices can be placed, and ultimately it eliminates the need for separate power supplies and outlets.
What's the difference between flame-retardant and flame-resistant cables?
Cables are critical to the functionality of almost all modern infrastructure projects. However, there's still confusion when making cable selection on flame-retardant and fire-resistant products. So what's the difference?
Flame-Retardant Cables have been designed to reduce the spread of flames from one area of a building to another, by using self-extinguishing materials that stop the propagation of flames. Flame-retardant products can’t guarantee functionality in a fire and will quickly fail to deliver any data, commands, or instructions to the systems they are connected to.
There are also different levels of flame retardance to look out for. Some have extremely limited ability to reduce flame spread, can be made from PVC materials, and release poisonous gases and fumes when they burn, but may have been tested to a basic flame retardance test.
Other flame-retardant standards require a cable to limit spread by height and by time to ensure they don’t spread fire quickly, which gives more time for evacuation, nevertheless even these cables can and will stop functioning once they have caught alight.
Fire-Resistant Cables are designed to keep critical systems running for a minimum amount of time during a fire. This ensures that escape routes and emergency signage are lit, fire alarms and suppressors are working, and security cameras are feeding pictures back to their source. Of course, cables can’t be designed to last forever, but they should keep working during the critical phases and times and are vital in aiding evacuation.
Cables that are fire-resistant use the best materials, which are flame retardant, have superior screenings, and usually have a fire barrier in the form of a mica tape. These all help the circuit integrity of the product and system.
If you're specifying or installing cables for critical public infrastructure, hard to evacuate buildings, or alarm systems, emergency lighting, video, or communication systems, check whether you should be referencing a cable to a flame-retardant or fire-resistant standard. As outlined above, there’s a significant difference that’s ultimately critical to preserving life in emergency situations in the context of cable fire safety
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